Penetapan Kadar Migrasi Melamin dalam Peralatan Makan yang Beredar di Kota Banjarmasin dengan Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi
Determination of Migration Levels of Melamine in Dishware Circulating in Banjarmasin City Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Abstract
Tableware and drinking utensils made of melamine have several advantages over utensils made of glass, ceramic or metal. Melamine is stronger, cheaper, attractive in design, lightweight and not easily broken. Although it has low toxicity, long-term exposure to melamine migratory has negative effects on health, especially on the kidneys because it can form insoluble crystals in combination with cinuric acid which causes the formation of kidney stones, especially in infants and children. This study aims to determine the migration of melamine and melamine levels in melamine cutlery using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results of this study indicate that there has been migration from melamine cutlery. Temperature and type of simulants affect migration and levels of extracted melamine from melamine tableware. Simulans are media used as food substitutes in migration tests. By using a 3% acetic acid simulant and a simulant temperature of 66℃, the extracted melamine content ranges from 2.45 ppm to 8.14 ppm, but still meets the requirements, namely below 30 ppm. People should use melamine cutlery marked with food grade, not use melamine cutlery for foods with high temperatures and foods that are acidic, because this can cause melamine to migrate from the cutlery into the food.
References
Bradley, E. L., Castle, L., Day, J. S., Ebner, I., Ehlert, K., Helling, R., … Pfaff, K. (2010). Comparison of the migration of melamine from melamine-formaldehyde plastics ('melaware’) into various food simulants and foods themselves. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A, 27(12). https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2010.513339
BSN. (2015). Cara uji migrasi zat kontak pangan dari kemasan pangan – Bagian 5 : Wadah melamin , migrasi melamin. Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Castle, L. (2007). Chemical migration into food: an overview. In Chemical migration and food contact materials (pp. 1–13). English: Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845692094.1
Centre for Food Safety. (2010). Centre for Food Safety - Risk Assessment Studies - Report No. 42-Safety of Melamine-ware Available for Use on Local Food Premises. Queensway, Hong Kong: The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved from http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_rafs/programme_rafs_fc_01_24_Melamine-ware.html
Ebner, I., Haberer, S., Sander, S., Kappenstein, O., Luch, A., & Bruhn, T. (2020). Release of melamine and formaldehyde from melamine-formaldehyde plastic kitchenware. Molecules, 25(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163629
Fink, J. K. (2013). Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers: Second Edition. Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-02516-1
Haghi, E., Alimohammadi, M., Shakoori, A., Razeghi, F., & Sadighara, P. (2019). Measurement of melamine migration from melamine-ware products by designed HPLC method and the effect of food-type on the level of migration. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0031
Irawan, S., & Supeni, G. (2013). Karakteristik Migrasi Kemasan Dan Peralatan Rumah Tangga Berbasis Polimer. Jurnal Kimia Dan Kemasan, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v35i2.1881
Ji, A. L., Wong, Y. L. I., Cai, T. J., & Liu, J. (2014). Infant formula safety concerns and consequences in China. World Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-014-0447-3
Lund, K. H., & Petersen, J. H. (2006). Migration of formaldehyde and melamine monomers from kitchen- and tableware made of melamine plastic. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23(9), 948–955. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500415660
Lynch, R. A., Hollen, H., Johnson, D. L., & Bartels, J. (2015). The effects of pH on the migration of melamine from children’s bowls. International Journal of Food Contamination, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-015-0017-z
Mannoni, V., Padula, G., Panico, O., Maggio, A., Arena, C., & Milana, M. R. (2017). Migration of formaldehyde and melamine from melaware and other amino resin tableware in real life service. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1252467
Merline, D. J., Vukusic, S., & Abdala, A. A. (2013). Melamine formaldehyde: Curing studies and reaction mechanism. Polymer Journal, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.162
Nugraheni, M. (2018). Kemasan Pangan. Plantaxia.
Nuraida, L., Syamsir, E., & Herawati, D. (2014). Materi Pokok Keamanan Pangan. Universitas Terbuka (Vol. 3).
Reimschuessel, R., Evans, E. R., Stine, C. B., Hasbrouck, N., Mayer, T. D., Nochetto, C., & Gieseker, C. M. (2010). Renal crystal formation after combined or sequential oral administration of melamine and cyanuric acid. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.024
Rohman, A. (2021). Analisis Farmasi dengan Kromatografi Cair. Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Sucipta, I. N., Suriasih, K., & Kenacana, P. K. D. (2017). Pengemasan Pangan: Kajian Pengemasan yang Aman, Nyaman, Efektif dan Efisien. Udayana University Press, 1, 1–178.
Szkiel, A., & Tuligowska, E. (2016). Evaluation of Customer Awareness of Melamine Dishware Safety. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej W Gdyni, (94), 73–80.
Wu, C.-F., Hsieh, T.-J., Chen, B.-H., Liu, C.-C., & Wu, M.-T. (2013). A Crossover Study of Noodle Soup Consumption in Melamine Bowls and Total Melamine Excretion in Urine. Jama Intern Med/Vol 173 (No. 23), 173(10), 922–924.
Yulianti, C. H. (2020). Artikel Penelitian The Analysis of Food Simulant Temperature Effects on Formaldehyde Migration on Melamine Plate. Journal of Pharmacy and Science, 5(2), 73–79. Retrieved from http://ejournal.akfarsurabaya.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/view/173
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
_(345_×_115_px)1.png)
