Revealing Interaction Patterns in Concept Map Construction Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models
Keywords:
Concept map, Interaction pattern, K-Nearest Neighbors, Long Short Term Memory, Random Forest
Abstract
Concept maps are educational tools for organizing and representing knowledge, enhancing comprehension, and memory retention. In concept map construction, much knowledge can be utilized. Still, concept map construction is complex, involving actions that reflect a user’s thinking and problemsolving strategies. Traditional methods struggle to analyze large datasets and capture temporal dependencies in these actions. To address this, the study applies deep learning and machine learning techniques. This research aims to evaluate and compare the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Random Forest algorithms in predicting user actions and uncovering user interaction patterns in concept map construction. This research method collects and analyzes interaction logs data from concept map activities, using these three models for evaluation and comparison. The results of this research are that LSTM achieved the highest accuracy (83.91%) due to its capacity to model temporal dependencies. Random Forest accuracy (80.53%), excelling in structured data scenarios. K-NN offered the fastest performance due to its simplicity, though its reliance on distance-based metrics limited accuracy (70.53%). In conclusion, these findings underscore the practical considerations in selecting models for concept map applications; LSTM demonstrates effectiveness in predicting user actions and excels for temporal tasks, while Random Forest and K-NN offer more efficient alternatives in computational.
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References
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in extension concept mapping,” Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–25, 2022,
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Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 365–368, sep 2023, https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2023.15.020.
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Concept Map: A Review from Student Experience,” in 7th International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering
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and Data Science, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 179, 2022, https://doi.org/10.17977/um018v5i22022p179-187.
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maps as a research instrument to study knowledge and learning,” vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 73–107, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11135-021-01113-x.
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positioning task in closed concept maps,” Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 15, dec
2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0108-1.
[9] Enitan Shukurat Animashaun, Babajide Tolulope Familoni, and Nneamaka Chisom Onyebuchi, “Advanced machine learning
techniques for personalising technology education,” Computer Science & IT Research Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1300–1313,
jun 2024, https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i6.1198.
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Virtual Lear ning Environments: A systematic literature review,” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, vol. 6, no.
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978-981-99-7666-9 22.
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and different species traits,” Fisheries Research, vol. 227, no. July 2020, p. 105534, jul 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.
2020.105534.
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Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences (ICICoS). IEEE, jul 2024, pp. 491–495, https://doi.org/10.1109/
ICICoS62600.2024.10636892.
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Using Multivariate Long Short-Term Memory,” Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 19, pp. 1–15, 2023, https://doi.org/10.
3390/electronics12194187.
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Journal of Computer Allied Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2024, https://doi.org/10.69996/jcai.2024002.
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data and small sample size with a feature selection application for gene expression data,” BioData Mining, vol. 17,
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Deep Learning Model to Predict Student Learning Outcomes in LMS Using CNN and LSTM,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, no. July,
pp. 85 255–85 265, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3196784.
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vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 20–26, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1556/606.2021.00374.
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using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest,” ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, vol. PartF16898,
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implementation for sequential data modeling[Formula presented],” Software Impacts, vol. 14, no. July, p. 100396, 2022, https:
//doi.org/10.1016/j.simpa.2022.100396.
[24] S. Odoom and E. O. Osei, “An Optimal Random Forest Model for Enhancing Decision-Making in Improving Students’ Performance
via Educational Data Mining,” International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.11584.
[25] D. Roy, A. Bhaduri, K. Maji, M. Mal, J. Patra, and S. Gupta, “Improving Alexa’s response with sentiment analysis and comparing
various machine learning models,” in 2024 International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC).
IEEE, jun 2024, pp. 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSC62074.2024.10617303.
[26] F. Knapp and M. ˇSimon, “Methodology for the Development of Production Systems in the Automotive Industry,” Tehnicki
Glasnik, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 400–409, 2024, https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20240502085916.
[27] J. G. B. Derraik, W. Parklak, B. B. Albert, K. Boonyapranai, and K. Rerkasem, “Fundamentals of Data Collection in Clinical
Studies: Simple Steps to Avoid “Garbage In, Garbage Out”,” The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, vol. 20,
no. 3, pp. 183–187, sep 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734620938234.
[28] M. A. Oladipupo, P. C. Obuzor, B. J. Bamgbade, A. E. Adeniyi, K. M. Olagunju, and S. A. Ajagbe, “An Automated Python
Script for Data Cleaning and Labeling using Machine Learning Technique,” Informatica, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 219–232, jun 2023,
https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v47i6.4474.
[29] K. Mahmud Sujon, R. Binti Hassan, Z. Tusnia Towshi, M. A. Othman, M. Abdus Samad, and K. Choi, “When to Use Standardization
and Normalization: Empirical Evidence From Machine Learning Models and XAI,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp.
135 300–135 314, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3462434.
[30] A. Carrera-Rivera, D. Reguera-Bakhache, F. Larrinaga, G. Lasa, and I. Garitano, “Structured dataset of human-machine
interactions enabling adaptive user interfaces,” Scientific Data, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41597-023-02741-8.
[31] F. Carrara, P. Elias, J. Sedmidubsky, and P. Zezula, “LSTM-based real-time action detection and prediction in human
motion streams,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 78, no. 19, pp. 27 309–27 331, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11042-019-07827-3.
[32] B. Basnayake and N. Chandrasekara, “Assessing the Performance of Feedforward Neural Network Models with Random Data
Split for Time Series Data: A Simulation Study,” in 2024 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems
Engineering (SCSE). IEEE, apr 2024, pp. 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1109/SCSE61872.2024.10550735.
[33] J. Allgaier and R. Pryss, “Practical approaches in evaluating validation and biases of machine learning applied to mobile health
studies,” Communications Medicine, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00468-0.
[34] H. AbdelAzim, M. Tharwat, and A. Mohammed, “Efficient Computational Cost Reduction in KNN through Maximum Entropy
Clustering,” in 2024 6th International Conference on Computing and Informatics (ICCI). IEEE, mar 2024, pp. 34–38, https:
//doi.org/10.1109/ICCI61671.2024.10485066.
[35] N. Hidayati and A. Hermawan, “K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm with Euclidean and Manhattan in classification of
student graduation,” Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 86–91, 2021, https://doi.org/10.21831/
jeatech.v2i2.42777.
[36] L. Barre˜nada, P. Dhiman, D. Timmerman, A.-L. Boulesteix, and B. Van Calster, “Understanding overfitting in random forest
for probability estimation: a visualization and simulation study,” Diagnostic and Prognostic Research, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 14, sep
2024, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41512-024-00177-1.
[37] H. Agarwal, G. Mahajan, A. Shrotriya, and D. Shekhawat, “Predictive Data Analysis: Leveraging RNN and LSTM Techniques
for Time Series Dataset,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 235, no. 2024, pp. 979–989, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.
2024.04.093.
[38] V. J. Raja, D. M, G. Solaimalai, D. L. Rani, P. Deepa, and R. G. Vidhya, “Machine Learning Revolutionizing Performance
Evaluation: Recent Developments and Breakthroughs,” in 2024 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Computing and
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Published
2025-02-18
How to Cite
Laily, F., Prasetya, D., Handayani, A., & Hirashima, T. (2025). Revealing Interaction Patterns in Concept Map Construction Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models. MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika Dan Rekayasa Komputer, 24(2), 207-218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v24i2.4641
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