Analysis of Side Effects of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Vaccine Booster Usage on Healthcare Workers

Handini Mulianti; Muhammad Isnaini Zuhri; Widani Darma Isasih

doi:10.30812/biocity.v2i1.3284

Penulis

Handini Mulianti Universitas Bumigora
Muhammad Isnaini Zuhri Universitas Bumigora
Widani Darma Isasih Universitas Bumigora

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30812/biocity.v2i1.3284

Kata Kunci:

Booster, Efek samping, Moderna, Vaksin COVID 19

Abstrak

Penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan kondisi menular yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Virus ini telah mengalami mutasi menjadi variasi baru yang berdampak pada peningkatan kasus COVID-19. Pemerintah mengambil langkah-langkah vaksinasi sebagai bagian dari strategi pencegahan penularan, terutama bagi tenaga kesehatan. Namun, keraguan muncul terkait gejala efek samping pasca vaksinasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokkan efek samping yang timbul setelah pemberian vaksin COVID-19 (booster) Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine^Â®. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner terhadap staf medis di Puskesmas Santong pada April 2023. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa dari 69 responden, 94,2% mengalami efek samping setelah vaksinasi, sementara 5,8% tidak mengalami efek samping. Mayoritas efek samping masuk dalam kategori probable (69,6%) menurut Algoritma Naranjo Scale. Efek samping sistemik yang umum meliputi demam (60,9%), pusing (43,5%), lemas (33,3%), pegal-pegal (31,9%), nyeri sendi (13%), menggigil (11,6%), sakit kepala (10,1%), mual (4,3%), hidung meler (1,4%), dan bersin-bersin (1,4%). Efek samping lokal berupa nyeri di tempat injeksi terjadi pada 34,8% responden. Mayoritas efek samping terjadi selama 2 hari (42%).

Referensi

Antonelli M, Penfold RS, Merino J, Sudre CH, Molteni E, Berry S, Canas LS, Graham MS, Klaser K, Modat M, Murray B, Kerfoot E, Chen L, Deng J, Osterdahl MF, Cheetham NJ, Drew DA, Nguyen LH, Pujol JC, Hu C, Selvachandran S, Polidori L, May A, Wolf J, Chan AT, Hammers A, Duncan EL, Spector TD, Ourselin S, Steves CJ. (2022). Risk Factors and Disease Profile Of Post-Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infection In UK Users Of The COVID Symptom Study App: A Prospective, Community-Based, Nested, Case-Control Study. The Lancet Infection. 22:43-55. Doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6.

Al-Qazaz HK, Al-Obaidi LM, dan Attash HM. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccination, Do Women Suffer From More Side Effects Than Men? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Pharmacy Practice. 20(2):1-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2022.2.2678.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Local Reactions, Systemic Reactions, Adverse Events, and Serious Adverse Events. Available at. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-byproduct/moderna/reactogenicity.html [diakses pada 10 Agustus 2023].

Chadwick A, Johannes K, Vaccari C, Freeman D, Lambe S, Loe BS, Vanderslott S, Lewandowsky S, Conroy M, Ross ARN, Innocenti S, Pollard AJ, Larkin FWM, Rosebrock L, Jenner L, Mc Shane H, Giubilini A, Petit A, & Yu LM. (2021). Online Social Endorsement and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy In The United Kingdom. SAGE Journal. 7(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.117/20563051211008817.

Gianfredi V, Minerva M, Casu G, Capraro M, Chiecca G, Gaetti G, Mazzocchi RM, Musaro P, Basteri P, Bertini B, Ferri C, Odone A, Signorelli C, Alberti VF, & Gastaldi G. (2021). Immediate Advers Ivents Following COVID-19 Immunezation. A Cross-Sectional Study Of 314,661 Italian Subjects. Acta Biomed. 92(6):1-7. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92iS6.12365.

Idayanti N, Sutiningsih D, Hadi MM, Abrori I.(2021). Adverse Effects Associated With Third-Booster COVID-19 Vaccine (Heterologous Vaccine By Sinovac-Moderna) Among Health Care Workers. International Journal Of English Literature And Social Sciences. 6(6):250-252. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.66.39.

Kadali RAK, Janagama R, Peruru S, Gajula V, Madathala RR, Chennaiahgari N, Malayala SV. (2021). Non-Life-Threatening Adverse Effects With COVID-19 mRNA-1273 Vaccine: A Randomized, Cross-Sectional Study On Healthcare Workers With Detailed Self-Reported Symptoms. Medical Virology. 93:4420-4429 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26996.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Pedoman Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Infeksi Novel Coronairus (2019-nCoV). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Surat Edaran Nomor HK.02.02/11/252/2022 Tentang Vaksinasi COVID-19 Dosis Lanjutan (Booster). Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Vaksinasi COVID-19 Nasional. Available at: https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/vaccines. [Diakses 15 Desember 2022].

Kurniawati D, dan Yuwindry I. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahaiswa Terhadap Efek Samping Vaksinasi COVID-19 di Universitas Sari Mulia. Journal Of Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences. 3(2):141-155.

Lidia T, dan Widayati A. (2021). Study Of Corona Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination In Indonesia: A Literature Review. Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas. 18(2):65-77. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.003459.

MacDonald NE. (2015). Vaccine Hesitancy: Definition, Scope and Determinants. Vaccine. 33:4161-1264. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.

Menni C, Klaser K, May A, Polidori L, Capdevila J, Louca P, Sudre CH, Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Merino J, Hu C, Selvachandran S, Antonelli M, Murray B, Canas LS, Molteni A, Graham MS, Modat M, Joshi AD, Mangino M, Hammers A, Goodman AL, Chan AT, Wolf J, Steves CJ, Valdes AM, Ourselin S, & Spector TD. (2021). Vaccine Side-Effects And Sars-Cov-2 Infection After Vaccination In Users Of The Covid Symptom Study App In The Uk: a Prospective Observational Study. Thelancet. 21:939-949. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(21)00224-3.

Mohsin M, Mahmud S, Mian AU, Hasan P, Muyeed A, Ali MT, Ahmed FF, Islam A, Rahman MM, Islam M, Khan MHR, Rahman MS. (2022). Side Effects Of COVID-19 Vaccines and Perceptions About COVID-19 and Its Vaccines In Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccine: X. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100207.

MSKCC (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center). (2021). Information For Msk Receiving The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine. New York: MSKCC.

Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, Janecek E, Domecq C, Greenblatt DJ. (1981). A Method For Estimating The Probability Of Adverse Drug Reactions. Clinical Pharmacology Ther. 30(2):239-245.

Rosylin L, Guntur, Khairina F, Yustriani L. (2022). Vaksinasi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian.

Pakki TR, Mariana N, Tampubolon ML, Rusli A, Romadhona S, Intan AD, Chohan Z, Widiantari AD, Herlina H, Puspitasari A, Mahardika M, Sulianti S, Maemun S, Murtiani, dan F. Syahril M. (2022). Side Effects After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine As A Booster In Health Workers. Iran J Public Health. 51(11):2504-2509.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). WHO Director-General Opening Remarks At The Media Briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-2019-11-march-2020 [Diakses 12 Agustus 2023].

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Pertanyaan dan jawaban terkait Coronavirus. Available at: https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa/qa-for-public [Diakses 12 Agustus 2022].

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Tanya Jawab: Penyakit corona virus (COVID-19) - vaksin. Available at: https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa/qa-covid-19-vaksin [Diakses 10 Agustus 2023].