Studi Perkembangan Penelitian Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan dan Hubungannya dengan Tata Kelola Perusahaan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan dan fenomena penelitian tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang terkait dengan tata kelola perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ulasan literatur sistematis pada 120 artikel dari Emerald dan Scopus selama tahun 2000 – 2018 dengan kriteria dan filter tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa selama tahun 2000 – 2018 penelitian tentang tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang berkaitan dengan tata kelola perusahaan sebagian besar memberikan implikasi hanya kepada konstituen pemegang saham (investor) dan belum menunjukkan implikasi jelas bagi konsistituen non pemegang saham. Reputasi dan legitimasi masih menjadi faktor penggerak dominan bagi perusahaan dalam melakukan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Fenomena riset ini seakan mendukung temuan Milton Friedman tentang konsep ‘shareholder model’ yang menganggap bahwa perusahaan tidak memiliki tanggung jawab pada masyarakat secara keseluruhan dan hanya berfokus pada kesejahteraan pemegang saham. Hasil riset ini juga sesuai dengan model yang dikemukakan oleh Jamali et al., (2008) yang menyatakan bahwa tata kelola perusahaan berperan sebagai pilar dari tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, dimana penciptaan nilai perusahaan yang merupakan salah satu hal yang dipertimbangkan oleh pemegang saham dalam mengambil keputusan. Ditemukan pula bahwa terdapat integrasi dan alternasi pada peran dan fungsi tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dan tata kelola perusahaan dalam penelitian selama tahun 2000 – 2018.
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