Factors Affecting Dissolved Oxygen at Bengawan Solo River: A Spatial Filtering with Eigenvector Technique
Keywords:
Linear Regression, Morans I, Residual Diagnostics, Water Quality
Abstract
The quality of the river changes according to the development of the surrounding environment which is influenced by various human activities. Analysis of factors affecting Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at Bengawan Solo River is crucial for river management purpose and pollution control. Previous research suggested the use classic multiple linear regression. However, DO measurement were usually took place of sampling sites along the river channel. Therefore, there is a high chance that the measurements results may spatially correlated. As the consequence, the utilization of multiple linear regression technique for the dataset can be inappropriate. In this paper, we applied a modification of multiple linear regression model to incorporate with spatial autocorrelation that exist in the data by adding control variable such vector eigen to the model which known as Spatial Filtering with Eigenvector (SFE). The results showed that nitrate and nitrite were the predictor variables that have a negative and significant effect. However, the model contains spatial autocorrelation. The application of SFE technique by adding three eigenvectors as control variables in the model succeeded in making the residual model free from spatial autocorrelation. However, a new problem arose where there was a violation of the non-heteroscedasticity assumption.
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T. O. (2011). Seasonal and Interannual Effects of Hypoxia on Fish Habitat Quality in Central Lake Erie. Freshwater Biology,
56(2):366–383.
Arnop, O., Budiyanto, B., and Saefuddin, R. (2019). Kajian Evaluasi Mutu Sungai Nelas dengan Metode Storet dan Indeks
Pencemaran. Naturalis: Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan, 8(1):15–24.
Astuti, B. C. (2015). Kualitas Air Sumur Desa Bantaran Sungai Bengawan Solo Berdasarkan Aspek Kemasyarakatan dan Standar
Menteri Kesehatan. Jurnal Matematika, Sains, dan Teknologi, 16(1):18–25.
Blanchet, F. G., Legendre, P., and Borcard, D. (2008). Modelling Directional Spatial Processes in Ecological Data. Ecological
Modelling, 215(4):325–336.
Cox, N. J. (2004). Speaking Stata: Graphing Model Diagnostics. The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and
Stata, 4(4):449–475.
Dani, T., Suripin, and Sudarno (2015). Analisis Daya Tampung Beban Cemar di DAS Bengawan Solo Segmen Kota Surakarta dan
Kabupaten Karanganyar dengan Model Qual2Kw. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 13(2):92–102.
Getis, A. (1995). Spatial Autocorrelation. Progress in Human Geography, 19(2):245–249.
Getis, A. and Griffith, D. A. (2002). Comparative Spatial Filtering in Regression Analysis. Geographical Analysis, 34(2):130–140.
Hamakonda, U. A., Suharto, B., and Susanawati, L. D. (2019). Analisis Kualitas Air dan Beban Pencemaran Air pada Sub DAS
Boentuka Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas, 23(1):56–67.
Hertika, A. M. S., Kusriani, K., Indrayani, E., Nurdiani, R., and Putra, R. B. (2018). Relationship between Levels of the Heavy
Metals Lead, Cadmium and Mercury, and Metallothionein in the Gills and Stomach of Crassostrea Iredalei and Crassostrea
Glomerata [version 1; referees: 2 approved]. F1000Research, 7:1–12.
Iloms, E., Ololade, O. O., and Ogola, H. J. O. (2020). Investigating Industrial Effluent Impact on Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Plant in Vaal , South Africa. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 17:1–18.
Imran, M., Sugiharto, E., and Siswanta, D. (2014). Penggunaan Model Regresi Linier untuk Menyatakan Hubungan Fungsional
Perubahan Konsentrasi Oksigen Terlarut terhadap Parameter Fisika-Kimia Air Sungai Secang Kulon Progo. Bimipa, 24(2):206–
218.
Laake, P. and Fagerland, M. W. (2015). Chapter 11 - Statistical Inference. pages 379–430. Academic Press, Amsterdam.
Lusiana, E., Arsad, S., Kusriani, Buwono, N., and Putri, I. (2019). Performance of Bayesian Quantile Regression and Its Application
to Eutrophication Modelling in Sutami Reservoir, East Java, Indonesia. Ecological Questions, 30(2):69–77.
Lusiana, E., Musa, M., and Ramadhan, S. (2021). Determinants of Nile Tilapia’s (Oreochromis Niloticus) Growth in Aquaculture
Pond in Batu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(2).
Mahmudi, M., Lusiana, E., Arsad, S., Buwono, N., Darmawan, A., Nisya, T., and Gurinda, G. (2019). A Study on Phosphorus-Based
Carrying Capacity and Trophic Status Index of Floating Net Cages Area in Ranu Grati, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 12(5):1902–
1908.
Moran, P. A. P. (1950). Notes on Continuous Stochastic Phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2):17–23.
Musa, M., Mahmudi, M., Arsad, S., and Buwono, N. R. (2019). Feasibility Study and Potential of Pond as Silvofishery in Coastal
Area: Local Case Study in Situbondo Indonesia. Regional Studies in Marine Science, page 100971.
Ouma, Y. O., Okuku, C. O., and Njau, E. N. (2020). Use of Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regression Model
for The Prediction of Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers: Case Study of Hydrographic Basin of River Nyando, Kenya. Complexity,
2020:9570789.
Prasad, B. S. R. V., Srinivasu, P. D. N., Varma, P. S., Raman, A. V., and Ray, S. (2014). Dynamics of Dissolved Oxygen in Relation
to Saturation and Health of An Aquatic Body: A Case for Chilka Lagoon, India. Journal of Ecosystems, 2014:526245.
Pratiwi, L. P., Hanief, S., and Suniantara, I. K. P. (2018). Pemodelan Menggunakan Metode Spasial Durbin Model untuk Data
Angka Putus Sekolah Usia Pendidikan Dasar. Jurnal Varian, 2(1 SE - Articles).
Sandi, M. A., Arthana, I. W., and Sari, A. H. W. (2017). Bioassessment dan Kualitas Air Daerah Aliran Sungai Legundi Probolinggo
Jawa Timur. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 3(2):233–241.
Sutriati, A. (2012). Penilaian Tingkat Pencemaran Air Sungai Bengawan Solo dengan Menggunakan Indeks Kimia-Fisika. Jurnal
Sumber Daya Air, 8(1):81–94.
Thayn, J. B. (2017). Eigenvector Spatial Filtering and Spatial Autoregression BT - Encyclopedia of GIS. pages 511–522. Springer
International Publishing, Cham.
Thayn, J. B. and Simanis, J. M. (2013). Accounting for Spatial Autocorrelation in Linear Regression Models Using Spatial Filtering
with Eigenvectors. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 103(1):47–66.
Wurtsbaugh, W. A., Paerl, H. W., and Dodds, W. K. (2019). Nutrients, Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms Along the
Freshwater to Marine Continuum. WIREs Water, 6(5):e1373.
Zeileis, A. and Hothorn, T. (2002). Diagnostic Checking in Regression Relationships. R News, 2(3):7–10.
Published
2021-11-10
How to Cite
[1]
E. Lusiana, A. Darmawan, S. Hutahaean, M. Musa, M. Mahmudi, and S. Arsad, “Factors Affecting Dissolved Oxygen at Bengawan Solo River: A Spatial Filtering with Eigenvector Technique”, Jurnal Varian, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1 - 8, Nov. 2021.
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