A Transitivity Analysis on Epic Rap Battle of Presidency Song

The aim of this research is to analyze the Transitivity System of Epic Rap Battle of Presidency, a song by SkinnyIndonesian24, which was popular in 2019. To reveal the constituents of Transitivity System, it was considered to use theory by M.A.K. Halliday about Systemic Functional Linguistics in the branch of Ideational Metafunction, and the data were analyzed by using composite qualitative descriptive method where numbers and percentage were also involved. This research shows that the song is dominated by Material Process type for about 37 occurrences (40.2%) and it is followed by 33 Relational (35.9%), 12 Mental (13.0%), 7 Behavioral (7.6%), 2 Verbal (2.2%), and 1 Existential Process (1.1%). The dominance of Material Process indicates that the Epic Rap Battle of Presidency song is on the state of Material Process where the song is mainly talk about action and event.


INTRODUCTION
Music video entitled "SkinnyIndonesian24 | Prabowo VS Jokowi -Epic Rap Battle of Presidency" was released on SkinnyIndonesian24's Youtube channel on April 8, 2019, a week before Indonesia presidential election was held. The author, whose real names are Andovi da Lopez and Jovial da Lopez, represented social conditions in Indonesia in the song.
SkinnyIndonesian24 responded to Indonesian political tension by creating social-politic conflict representation discourse, which was constructed in the lyric of a song. They illustrated Andovi as JokoWidodo, known as Jokowi, and Jovial as PrabowoSubianto, singing rap songs with a striking verse to attack each other. The lyrics were based on strengths, weaknesses, political narrations, and personalities of both candidates who pursued the presidential position. Having Andovi and Jovial, the music video also featured comedians Tretan Muslim and CokiPardede, who played the Role of Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta. Coki and Tretan were there to reprimand Jokowi and Prabowo, whose parties were conflicted and Battle on their channel.
Political tension that was occurred in 2019 was worrying. Because of having different political choices and views, supporters of each party overthrew each other. It was not only in public, but the conflict was also happening inside a family. Moreover, the polarization became increasingly visible when people started to use the terms "Cebong" and "Kampret," which they call their opposition.
Song lyrics are a form of discourse. Discourse refers to a complete language unit; in the grammatical hierarchy, it is the highest or most prominent grammatical unit (Kridalaksana, 1982, p. 179). It can be realized in other forms, for instance, books, novels, and the rest. Writings or works are not created arbitrarily, but some goals and motives underlie in the process of their making. Social conditions or phenomena can be respects that influence the writer to create a discourse. For example, Epic Rap Battle of Presidency was inspired by the political conflict that Indonesian people had experienced at the time.
That social phenomenon made the song stand out, and it was quickly accepted by society.
Lyrics of songs often attract researchers' attention in linguistics study. The strategy of songwriters, which is shown in unique writing styles and dictions, has been the research object so far. Hence, aspects of linguistics are used as a set of tools in the process. In terms of its type of study, linguistics is divided into several fields. Moreover, to analyze discourse in a song, people use the study of discourse analysis.
Discourse analysis itself has some approaches. experience what is going on (Eggins, 2004, p. 249 (Lock, 1996, p. 105). (iv) The behavioral process is between mental and material processes, the process of physiological and psychological. Breathing, dreaming, snoring, smiling, hiccupping, looking, watching, listening, and pondering are examples of physiological and psychological behavior processes (Gerot & Wignell, 1994, p. 47). (v) The verbal process is the act of saying something, while (vi) Existential Process represents something that exists or happens (Matthiessen & Halliday, 2014, p. 307).
To support the discussion of the research, the writer read some articles about transitivity which are written by variety of researchers. There are two previous study related to this research. The first study was written by YichaoZang (2017)  material process (88 usages) and the relational process (85 usages). The usage of the relational process indicated conditions happening in Indonesia. Existential process clauses were also found in the text as many as 35 in use. The conducted research utilized both Transitivity and Mood systems, whereas the fourth previous study only focused on the Transitivity system. The contribution of the fourth study is to enrich the conducted research writer's knowledge of the Transitivity system and to be a reference for analyzing the Transitivity system in the Indonesian language.
Based on the explanation, the researcher tried to conduct Transitivity Analysis on Epic Rap Battle of Presidency song. This research is expected to to increase knowledge about discourse analysis by looking at its implication to other fields, in this case, is music works, and to increase insight about how to analyze text to find out the structures that it contains and to give a preview of transitivity analysis on the lyric of a song based on Systemic Functional Linguistics theory.

RESEARCH METHOD
The descriptive qualitative method was used in this study. The qualitative descriptive method, according to Sugiyono (2016)   After gathering the data, writer analyze the data by using three concurrent activities: data condensation (reduction), data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions (Miles & Huberman, 1994). Data reduction is the process of selecting, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data that appears in written-up fields or notes. With Data Reduction, the writer reduces the lyrics of the song Epic Rap Battle of Presidency into clauses. From the song Epic Rap Battle of Presidency, it was found that there were 92 clauses. The 92 clauses will be divided according to transitivity system. Furthermore, the second flow of data analysis is Data Display. Generally, Data Display is an organized and compressed assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing and action (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p. 11).
After reducing the data obtained, the writer displays and sorts the data. Transitivity analysis data are shown and sorted from the highest and lowest numbers by using 92 100 formula to find the percentage of the data. Lastly, writer drawn and verified the conclusion. The drawing and verification of conclusions is the third stream of analysis activity (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p. 11). The qualitative analyst interprets what things mean by noting patterns, explanations, causal flows, and propositions from the start of data collection. Therefore, based on the analysis of the data that has been sorted and shown, the writer draw and verify conclusions from the data results.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
There are six types of Processes found in the text. Analysis of Transitivity of the Epic Rap Battle of Presidency is summarized in the following The following section will elaborate on each category and the specific application of process type in the song lyrics (Bloor & Bloor, 2004).

Material Process
The Material Process is a process of doing and happening (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004, p. 179

Relational Process
Relational Process involves state of having and being (Gerot & Wignell, 1994, p. 54). It relates to the property of an entity or the relation between participants. Relational Process analysis can help readers to understand the quality and identification of each figure represented in the text. Relational Process is the second dominating process type in the text that takes 35.9% occurrences of 92 clauses. There are two types of Relational Process that occurred in the text: Attributive and Identifying. Processes which establish an identity are called Identifying Processes and Processes which assign a quality are called Attributive Processes (Gerot & Wignell, 1994, p. 54). Here are the example of relational processes.

Verbal Process
The verbal process involves act of saying something. Verbal Process occurs 2 times (2.2%) of 92 clauses. Here are the findings of verbal process:

Existential Process
The Existential Process is the least type process which occurred in the text with only one occurrence.
The Existential Process is a process of existing that expresses existence and entity without predicting anything else (Zhang, 2017, p. 68). Here is the finding of Existential Process:

CONCLUSION
The Based on the analysis that has been conducted, Epic Rap Battle of Presidency a song by SkinnyIndonesian 24 is on the state of Material Process. Material Process has the highest occurrences in the text for about 40.2% and it is followed by the other types of process: Relational 35.9%, Mental 13.0%, Behavioral 7.6%, Verbal 2.2%, and Existential 1.1%. The dominance of Material Process in the song can indicate that the song is mainly discuss about action and event. In the other hand, the second dominant process, which is Relational, means that the text also described and identified the participant which are involved in the text. Furthermore, text tried to unveil what participant sense correspond to the third process, which is Mental. Behavioral, Verbal, and Existential are considered to be minor process since Material, Relational, and Mental process are found to be dominance .