Covid-19 Prognosis Expert System using Forward Chaining Algorithm
Keywords:
covid-19, forward chaining, prognosis, expert system
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a global pandemic, has resulted in trillions of losses for Indonesia. Even though the right treatment for COVID-19 can help improve the quality of life again, reduce health and economic problems for the community and the country. Handling/clinical management of the prognosis of a disease can assist doctors, medical teams and researchers in finding patterns of progression of a disease, allocating resources and helping patients and their families to understand more about the patient's condition. Prognosis is a prediction about the development of a disease will improve or vice versa based on the history, diagnosis and clinical management that the patient has gone through. This study builds a COVID-19 prognosis tool and its level of accuracy with intelligent technology based on artificial intelligence, namely an expert system using a forward chaining algorithm. Through the stages of knowledge representation, process modeling, system design, coding and system testing. The result is that the accuracy of the COVID-19 prognosis expert system is 80%, which means that the prognosis expert system with the forward chaining algorithm is effective as a learning tool for health or medical students in studying the prognosis/management of confirmed COVID-19 patients based on available data.
References
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[24] M. Wijaya, I. Gunawan, I. P. Sari, Poningsih, and A. Wanto, “Sistem Pakar Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Untuk Diagnosa Gejala Covid-19,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2021.
[25] R. Rizky, S. Sukisno, M. Ridwan, and Z. Hakim, “Implementasi Metode Forward Chaining Untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Covid 19 Di Rsud Berkah Pandeglang Banten,” J. Teknol. Inf., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 69–72, 2020, doi: 10.36294/jurti.v4i1.1212.
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[28] I. R. Yansyah and S. Sumijan, “Sistem Pakar Metode Forward Chaining untuk Mengukur Keparahan Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut,” J. Sistim Inf. dan Teknol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 41–47, 2021, doi: 10.37034/jsisfotek.v3i2.42.
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[30] E. Pawan, R. M. . Thamrin, W. Widodo, S. H. Y. B. Sariaty H.Y.Bei, and J. J. Luanmasa, “Implementation of Forward Chaining Method in Expert System to Detect Diseases in Corn Plants in Muara Tami District,” Int. J. Comput. Inf. Syst., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 27–33, 2022, doi: 10.29040/ijcis.v3i1.59.
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[2] F. M. Salman and S. S. Abu-Naser, “Expert System for COVID-19 Diagnosis,” Int. J. Acad. Inf. Syst. Res., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1–13, 2020, [Online]. Available: www.ijeais.org/ijaisr.
[3] K. Kartarina, M. Madani, L. Ganda, R. Putra, L. N. Azmi, and I. S. S.Hidayatullah, “Deteksi Kegawatan Pasien Covid-19 Berbasis Android Menggunakan Algoritma C45 Emergency Detection of Covid-19 Patients Based on Android Using C45 Algorithm,” J. Bumigora Inf. Technol., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 27–36, 2022, doi: 10.30812/bite.v4i1.1772.
[4] D. Abdullah, Z. A. Adzkia, I. Triyansyah, and Y. Birman, “Pola Pengobatan Gejala pada Tatalaksana Pasien Lansia Covid- Symptoms Medication Pattern in the Treatment of Ederly COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Diabetes Melitus RSUP Dr M Djamil Padang in 2020,” J. Ilm. Mns. dan Kesehat., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 337–345, 2022.
[5] W. Guo et al., “Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19,” Diabetes. Metab. Res. Rev., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1–9, 2020, doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3319.
[6] J. Juwanto and A. Syaripudin, “Sistem Pakar Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Untuk Diagnosa Gejala Covid-19,” OKTAL J. Ilmu Komput. dan Sains, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 531–540, 2022.
[7] G. F. Kaparang, I. J. Manopo, and A. Awing, “Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Bengkulu,” J. Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 92–102, 2022, doi: 10.36085/jkmb.v10i2.3433.
[8] A. Aditia, “Covid-19 : Epidemiologi, Virologi, Penularan, Gejala Klinis, Diagnosa, Tatalaksana, Faktor Risiko Dan Pencegahan,” J. Penelit. Perawat Prof., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 653–660, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP%0ACOVID-19.
[9] B. D. Pepitasari and T. D. Anggraini, “Gambaran Tatalaksana Terapi Pada Pasien COVID-19 Terkonfirmasi di Rumah Sakit X Kota Surakarta Periode Maret – Desember 2020,” J. Med. Sci., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 119–126, 2021.
[10] S. A. Putri and E. R. Wahyudi, “Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D dengan Derajat Keparahan Pasien COVID-19 Dewasa dan Usia Lanjut,” Cermin Dunia Kedokt., vol. 49, no. 7, p. 407, 2022, doi: 10.55175/cdk.v49i7.1941.
[11] R. Hammad, J. Kurniasih, N. F. Hasan, C. N. Dengen, and K. Kusrini, “Prototipe Machine Learning Untuk Prognosis Penyakit Demensia (The Prototype of Machine Learning for The Prognosis of Dementia),” J. IPTEKKOM J. Ilmu Pengetah. Teknol. Inf., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 17, 2019, doi: 10.33164/iptekkom.21.1.2019.17-29.
[12] A. L. Dallora, S. Eivazzadeh, E. Mendes, J. Berglund, and P. Anderberg, “Prognosis of Dementia Employing Machine Learning and Microsimulation Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 100, pp. 480–488, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.185.
[13] H. Lu, Y. Li, M. Chen, H. Kim, and S. Serikawa, “Brain Intelligence: Go beyond Artificial Intelligence,” Mob. Networks Appl., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 368–375, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s11036-017-0932-8.
[14] V. Kaul, S. Enslin, and S. A. Gross, “History of artificial intelligence in medicine,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 92, no. 4. Mosby Inc., pp. 807–812, Oct. 01, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.040.
[15] Y. Mintz and R. Brodie, “Introduction to artificial intelligence in medicine,” Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 73–81, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1080/13645706.2019.1575882.
[16] R. A. Candra, D. N. Ilham, and Hardisal, “Diagnosis Infeksi Menular Seksual Menggunakan Aplikasi Kecerdasan Buatan,” J. Manaj. Inform. Komputerisasi Akunt., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 93–102, 2018.
[17] O. Pahlevi and M. K. Atmojo, “Application of Expert System for Diagnosing Diseases Cocoa Plants Using the Forward Chaining Algorithm Method,” SinkrOn, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 10, 2020, doi: 10.33395/sinkron.v4i2.10481.
[18] S. Lalmuanawma, J. Hussain, and L. Chhakchhuak, “Applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence for Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: A review,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 139, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110059.
[19] L. Wynants et al., “Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: Systematic review and critical appraisal,” BMJ, vol. 369, 2020, doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1328.
[20] M. F. Suryana, F. Fauziah, and R. T. K. Sari, “Implementasi Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor Untuk Mendiagnosa Dini Corona Virus Desease (COVID-19),” J. Media Inform. Budidarma, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 559, 2020, doi: 10.30865/mib.v4i3.2132.
[21] B. Etikasari, T. D. Puspitasari, A. A. Kurniasari, and L. Perdanasari, “Sistem informasi deteksi dini Covid-19,” J. Tek. Elektro dan Komput., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 101–108, 2020.
[22] World Health Organization, “Tatalaksana klinis infeksi saluran pernapasan akut berat ( SARI ) suspek penyakit COVID-19,” World Heal. Organ., vol. 4, no. March, pp. 1–25, 2020.
[23] B. Dirgantara and H. Hairani, “Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit THT Menggunakan Inferensi Forward Chaining dan Metode Certainty Factor,” J. Bumigora Inf. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2021, doi: 10.30812/bite.v3i1.1241.
[24] M. Wijaya, I. Gunawan, I. P. Sari, Poningsih, and A. Wanto, “Sistem Pakar Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Untuk Diagnosa Gejala Covid-19,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2021.
[25] R. Rizky, S. Sukisno, M. Ridwan, and Z. Hakim, “Implementasi Metode Forward Chaining Untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Covid 19 Di Rsud Berkah Pandeglang Banten,” J. Teknol. Inf., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 69–72, 2020, doi: 10.36294/jurti.v4i1.1212.
[26] I. Akil, “Analisa Efektifitas Metode Forward Chaining Dan Backward Chaining Pada Sistem Pakar,” J. Pilar Nusa Mandiri, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 35, 2017.
[27] D. M. L Tobing, E. Pawan, F. E. Neno, and K. Kusrini, “Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Penyakit Pada Tanaman Padi Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining,” Sisfotenika, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 126, 2019, doi: 10.30700/jst.v9i2.440.
[28] I. R. Yansyah and S. Sumijan, “Sistem Pakar Metode Forward Chaining untuk Mengukur Keparahan Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut,” J. Sistim Inf. dan Teknol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 41–47, 2021, doi: 10.37034/jsisfotek.v3i2.42.
[29] D. Kusbianto, R. Ardiansyah, and D. A. Hamadi, “Implementasi Sistem Pakar Forward Chaining Untuk Identifikasi Dan Tindakan Perawatan Jerawat Wajah,” J. Inform. Polinema, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 71, 2017, doi: 10.33795/jip.v4i1.147.
[30] E. Pawan, R. M. . Thamrin, W. Widodo, S. H. Y. B. Sariaty H.Y.Bei, and J. J. Luanmasa, “Implementation of Forward Chaining Method in Expert System to Detect Diseases in Corn Plants in Muara Tami District,” Int. J. Comput. Inf. Syst., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 27–33, 2022, doi: 10.29040/ijcis.v3i1.59.
[31] C. M. Jamkhandi and J. I. Disouza, “Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of [(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylacetyl) amino] acetic acid derivatives,” Res. J. Pharm. Technol., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1197–1200, 2012.
Published
2022-12-15
How to Cite
Fitriana, Y., Hasan, N., Tarmino, R., & Giyai, S. (2022). Covid-19 Prognosis Expert System using Forward Chaining Algorithm. Jurnal Bumigora Information Technology (BITe), 4(2), 153-166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30812/bite.v4i2.2399
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